Rome's oldest marble building

In the Forum Boarium, near the Tiber, stands an elegant little temple with a round plan ringed by columns: the Temple of Hercules Victor, the oldest marble building still standing in Rome. Built in the 2nd century BC, it owes its remarkable preservation to having been turned into a church in the Middle Ages. Its harmonious circular shape makes it one of the most photogenic monuments in the city.

"Temple of Vesta": a long-standing mix-up

Because of its round shape, the temple was long miscalled the "Temple of Vesta" (for its resemblance to the circular temples dedicated to the goddess). In fact, scholars have identified it as dedicated to Hercules Victor (Hercules Victor or Olivarius), worshipped by the merchants of the Forum Boarium. It's a classic example of how popular names can pass down the wrong identity for centuries.

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The architecture

The temple is a tholos (round building) ringed by a crown of marble Corinthian columns, set on an equally circular base. It originally had a conical roof; the central cella now lacks its ancient covering. The refinement of the materials and proportions reflects the influence of Greek architecture on Republican Rome and the wealth of the merchants who had it built.

How to visit

The temple sits in a public area and can be admired for free from the outside at any time; the interior is generally off-limits. It's easy to pair with the nearby Temple of Portunus and the Mouth of Truth / Bocca della Verità, on a short stroll through the Forum Boarium.

Frequently asked questions

What is the Temple of Hercules Victor? A round temple from the 2nd century BC in the Forum Boarium, the oldest marble building preserved in Rome, dedicated to Hercules and worshipped by the area's merchants.

Why is it called the "Temple of Vesta"? Because of its circular shape, similar to the temples of Vesta: it's a mistaken popular name. It's actually dedicated to Hercules Victor.

Why is it so well preserved? Because in the Middle Ages it was turned into a church, which saved it from destruction and from having its materials stripped away.

Can you go inside? Usually not: the temple is admired for free from the outside. The interior isn't normally accessible.

Where is it? In the Forum Boarium, near the Tiber, beside the Temple of Portunus and a short distance from the Mouth of Truth / Bocca della Verità.

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Article #530 · Category: Monuments · Updated: May 2026