The site of the apostle Paul's martyrdom

The Abbey of the Three Fountains (Tre Fontane) stands on one of the most sacred sites in Christian Rome: tradition holds that this is where St Paul was beheaded, suffering martyrdom (as a Roman citizen, he was granted beheading rather than the cross). The complex and its three churches preserve the memory of that event and of the legend it gave rise to, in a setting of deep spirituality and silence, tucked into the greenery south of Rome.

The legend of the three springs

The name "Tre Fontane" comes from a striking legend: it is said that, after the beheading, St Paul's head bounced three times on the ground, and that a spring of water burst forth at each of the three spots. The church of San Paolo alle Tre Fontane was built over these three sources and still marks where each one welled up. True or legendary, it is one of the most evocative traditions tied to the Pauline sites of Rome.

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The three churches and what they mean

The complex brings together three churches, each with its own story:

  • San Paolo alle Tre Fontane: built on the site of the martyrdom, it preserves the three spots of the springs and the column to which, by tradition, the apostle was bound.
  • Santa Maria Scala Coeli: linked to a vision of St Bernard, who is said to have seen souls rising to heaven here (the "stairway to heaven").
  • Santi Vincenzo e Anastasio: the abbey church, austere and solemn, the heart of monastic life.

St Paul and Rome

The martyrdom at Tre Fontane is one of the cornerstones of Pauline Rome, alongside the apostle's tomb in the nearby Basilica di San Paolo fuori le Mura. Together, the two sites tell the story of St Paul's earthly end and his memory in the city. See also our guide to San Paolo fuori le Mura.

Frequently asked questions

Why was St Paul beheaded and not crucified? Because he was a Roman citizen: the law reserved beheading for him, considered less degrading than the cross. The martyrdom took place, by tradition, at Tre Fontane.

What is the legend of the three springs? It is said that after the beheading St Paul's head bounced three times, causing three springs of water to well up: hence the name "Tre Fontane" and the church of San Paolo alle Tre Fontane.

What is Santa Maria Scala Coeli? One of the three churches, linked to a vision of St Bernard, who is said to have seen souls rising to heaven here (the "stairway to heaven").

What is the connection with San Paolo fuori le Mura? Tre Fontane is the site of Paul's martyrdom; San Paolo fuori le Mura holds his tomb: together they are the essential Pauline sites of Rome.

Can you visit the three churches? Yes, they are generally open as places of worship, with free admission. Check opening hours on site.

See also

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Article #629 · Category: Monuments · Updated: May 2026